See malnova on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(s)mel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel-"
],
[
"*malos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/malos"
],
[
"malos",
"malos#Latin"
],
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin:_negative"
],
[
"male",
"male#Latin"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Old_French"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Middle_French"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#French"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Italian"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Esperanto"
],
[
"nova",
"nova#Esperanto"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Esperanto"
],
[
"nova",
"nova#Esperanto"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mal-<t:opposite of>",
"4": "nova<t:new>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nMiddle French mal-\nFrench mal-bor.\nItalian mal-bor.\nEsperanto mal-\nEsperanto nova\nEsperanto malnova\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"negative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)molos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)mel-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*malos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"malos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"malus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"male\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"new\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"nova\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"malnova\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"malnova\">\nFrom mal- (“opposite of”) + nova (“new”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mal-<t:opposite of>",
"4": "nova<t:new>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nMiddle French mal-\nFrench mal-bor.\nItalian mal-bor.\nEsperanto mal-\nEsperanto nova\nEsperanto malnova\nFrom mal- (“opposite of”) + nova (“new”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nMiddle French mal-\nFrench mal-bor.\nItalian mal-bor.\nEsperanto mal-\nEsperanto nova\nEsperanto malnova\nFrom mal- (“opposite of”) + nova (“new”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malnovan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malnovaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malnovajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "malnova (accusative singular malnovan, plural malnovaj, accusative plural malnovajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mal‧no‧va",
"mal‧nova"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"mal‧no‧va"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"mal‧nova"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nova"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Esperanto terms prefixed with mal-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "malnovega"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
122,
129
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
142,
145
]
],
"english": "\"By Zeus!\" he said, \"Socrates, I will tell you how I experience it. Often some of us, people of the same age, get together accordingly to the old maxim.\"",
"ref": "2012, Plato, translated by Donald Broadribb, La Respubliko (Traduko al Esperanto) [The Republic (Translation into Esperanto)], 2nd corrected edition (paperback), New York: Mondial, →ISBN, page 18:",
"text": "\"Je Zeŭso!\" li diris, \"Sokrato, mi diros al vi kiel mi spertas ĝin. Ofte kelkaj el ni, samaĝuloj, kunvenas konforme al la malnova maksimo.\"",
"translation": "\"By Zeus!\" he said, \"Socrates, I will tell you how I experience it. Often some of us, people of the same age, get together accordingly to the old maxim.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old (of an object or concept)"
],
"id": "en-malnova-eo-adj-4IdrY5Yn",
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "maljuna"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "olda"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/malˈnova/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ova"
}
],
"word": "malnova"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "malnovega"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(s)mel-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)mel-"
],
[
"*malos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/malos"
],
[
"malos",
"malos#Latin"
],
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin:_negative"
],
[
"male",
"male#Latin"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Old_French"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Middle_French"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#French"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Italian"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Esperanto"
],
[
"nova",
"nova#Esperanto"
],
[
"mal-",
"mal-#Esperanto"
],
[
"nova",
"nova#Esperanto"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mal-<t:opposite of>",
"4": "nova<t:new>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nMiddle French mal-\nFrench mal-bor.\nItalian mal-bor.\nEsperanto mal-\nEsperanto nova\nEsperanto malnova\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"negative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*(s)molos\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)mel-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-os\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*malos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"malos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"malus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"male\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"mal-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"new\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"nova\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Esperanto\", \"term\" : \"malnova\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"eo\" }\" data-lang=\"eo\" data-title=\"malnova\">\nFrom mal- (“opposite of”) + nova (“new”).",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": ":af",
"3": "mal-<t:opposite of>",
"4": "nova<t:new>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nMiddle French mal-\nFrench mal-bor.\nItalian mal-bor.\nEsperanto mal-\nEsperanto nova\nEsperanto malnova\nFrom mal- (“opposite of”) + nova (“new”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)mel-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *(s)molos?\nProto-Italic *malos\nArchaic Latin malos\nLatin malus\nLatin maleder.\nOld French mal-\nMiddle French mal-\nFrench mal-bor.\nItalian mal-bor.\nEsperanto mal-\nEsperanto nova\nEsperanto malnova\nFrom mal- (“opposite of”) + nova (“new”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malnovan",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malnovaj",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malnovajn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "malnova (accusative singular malnovan, plural malnovaj, accusative plural malnovajn)",
"name": "eo-head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"mal‧no‧va",
"mal‧nova"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"mal‧no‧va"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"mal‧nova"
]
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "maljuna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nova"
}
],
"categories": [
"Esperanto 3-syllable words",
"Esperanto adjectives",
"Esperanto autological terms",
"Esperanto entries referencing missing etymons",
"Esperanto entries with etymology texts",
"Esperanto entries with etymology trees",
"Esperanto entries with etymon",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)mel-",
"Esperanto terms prefixed with mal-",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with audio pronunciation",
"Esperanto terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ova",
"Rhymes:Esperanto/ova/3 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
122,
129
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
142,
145
]
],
"english": "\"By Zeus!\" he said, \"Socrates, I will tell you how I experience it. Often some of us, people of the same age, get together accordingly to the old maxim.\"",
"ref": "2012, Plato, translated by Donald Broadribb, La Respubliko (Traduko al Esperanto) [The Republic (Translation into Esperanto)], 2nd corrected edition (paperback), New York: Mondial, →ISBN, page 18:",
"text": "\"Je Zeŭso!\" li diris, \"Sokrato, mi diros al vi kiel mi spertas ĝin. Ofte kelkaj el ni, samaĝuloj, kunvenas konforme al la malnova maksimo.\"",
"translation": "\"By Zeus!\" he said, \"Socrates, I will tell you how I experience it. Often some of us, people of the same age, get together accordingly to the old maxim.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old (of an object or concept)"
],
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "olda"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/malˈnova/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ova"
}
],
"word": "malnova"
}
Download raw JSONL data for malnova meaning in All languages combined (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.